What are Gram-positive bacilli?

Under normal circumstances, common Gram-positive bacilli mainly include *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Bacillus subtilis*, *Clostridium tetani*, *Bacillus anthracis*, and *Lactobacillus* species. These bacteria are widely distributed in nature and the human body, each having distinct characteristics and functions. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. *Staphylococcus aureus*

This bacterium is commonly found on the surface of the skin and has a tough cell wall structure. It is non-pathogenic under normal conditions but can invade through broken skin and cause infections such as folliculitis and boils. In severe cases, it may lead to systemic infections.

2. *Bacillus subtilis*

Mainly present in soil and water, this bacterium can form highly resistant endospores. It is a common component of probiotics that helps regulate intestinal microbiota balance. Additionally, it is widely used in industrial production for manufacturing enzyme preparations and antibiotics.

3. *Clostridium tetani*

Commonly resides in the intestines of humans and animals and enters the body through wounds. It multiplies rapidly and releases toxins in anaerobic environments, stimulating the nervous system and causing tonic muscle spasms, which can be life-threatening.

4. *Bacillus anthracis*

Primarily infects herbivorous animals such as cattle and sheep; humans become infected through contact with infected animals or their products. The bacteria can enter the body through the skin or respiratory tract, causing diseases such as cutaneous anthrax and pulmonary anthrax, with rapid disease progression.

5. *Lactobacillus*

A normal member of the microbial flora in the human intestine and vagina, this bacterium ferments sugars to produce lactic acid. It helps maintain an acidic environment in the gut and vagina, inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria, and plays an important role in maintaining microbial ecological balance.

In daily life, it is important to maintain skin cleanliness, avoid exposing wounds to contaminated environments, and promptly disinfect any injuries. Hands should be thoroughly washed after handling animals or soil, and meat should be fully cooked before consumption. If symptoms such as unexplained fever, local redness, swelling, or pain occur, medical attention should be sought promptly for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.