How viruses spread through the air

Dec 03, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Li Feng

Introduction

Viruses primarily spread through the air via two routes: droplet transmission and aerosol transmission. Virus-containing particles released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks can be inhaled by others through airflow, leading to infection. If symptoms such as fever and cough occur, especially with a history of travel to affected areas or close contact with infected individuals, prompt medical attention is recommended. Droplet transmission is the most common route.

Viruses primarily spread through the air via two methods: droplet transmission and aerosol transmission. Virus-containing particles released when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks can be inhaled by others as they travel through the air, leading to infection. If you experience symptoms such as fever or cough and have a history of travel to affected areas or close contact with infected individuals, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly.

Droplet transmission is the most common route. Droplets produced by respiratory secretions from infected individuals are relatively large in diameter and remain suspended in the air for only a short time, typically spreading within 1–2 meters. Others nearby may become infected by inhaling these droplets, especially during close-range conversations or shared meals.

Aerosol transmission occurs when viruses attach to tiny particles, forming aerosols that can remain suspended in the air for extended periods and travel over longer distances. In enclosed spaces, individuals may become infected by inhaling virus-laden aerosols even without direct contact, thereby increasing the risk of transmission.

To reduce the risk of airborne transmission, maintain proper indoor ventilation, wear masks correctly in crowded places, keep a safe social distance from others, frequently wash hands and maintain hand hygiene, and avoid touching your mouth, nose, and eyes.

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