What is multiple Nabothian cysts of the cervix?

Cervical multiple Nabothian cysts are also known as Nabothian gland cysts of the cervix, commonly abbreviated as cervical Nabothian cysts in clinical practice. This condition primarily occurs when the Nabothian glands of the cervix secrete mucus, and the glandular duct openings become blocked due to inflammation or other factors, preventing the normal discharge of glandular secretions. Consequently, multiple cysts resembling small pearls form on the cervix. Long-term chronic cervicitis is the main cause of cervical Nabothian cysts. Inflammation may stimulate the cervical mucosa, causing congestion and edema, and potentially blocking the glandular duct openings, leading to retention of secretions. Physiological changes in the cervix, vaginitis, cervical injury, and cervical tumors may also contribute to the formation of Nabothian cysts. Most patients are asymptomatic and the cysts are usually discovered incidentally during gynecological examinations. Some patients may experience symptoms such as low back or lower abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal discharge (e.g., increased, yellowish, or foul-smelling leukorrhea). Asymptomatic cases typically do not require treatment but should be monitored regularly. For patients with symptoms or coexisting cervical lesions, appropriate treatment options can be selected based on the individual condition, including medical treatment, physical therapies (e.g., laser or cryotherapy), or surgical interventions (e.g., cyst excision).