What causes swollen feet?

Foot swelling, medically known as lower limb edema, typically has several causes: 1. **Heart disease**: Weakened heart function in pumping blood can lead to poor blood return, causing edema, especially in late-stage heart disease. 2. **Kidney disease**: Abnormal kidney function may reduce the excretion of bodily fluids, leading to edema. 3. **Liver disease**: Liver conditions such as cirrhosis can affect blood circulation, resulting in ascites and lower limb edema. 4. **Hypertension**: Long-term uncontrolled high blood pressure may damage the kidneys and cause edema. If foot swelling persists or is accompanied by other symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, or decreased urine output, prompt medical attention is advised.