How are Nabothian cysts of the cervix caused?

Nabothian cysts, also known as cervical nabothian cysts or cervical glandular cysts, have various causes of formation, mainly including the following aspects: 1. **Physiological changes**: There is an interconversion relationship between the squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium of the cervix. Newly formed squamous epithelium may cover the columnar epithelium, leading to blockage of cervical glandular ducts, preventing the discharge of secretions and subsequently forming cysts. This is a common physiological cause of Nabothian cyst formation, which usually requires no special treatment. 2. **Hormonal changes**: Fluctuations in hormone levels within the body, such as those occurring during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or the use of contraceptive medications, may cause proliferation and dilation of cervical glands, thereby inducing Nabothian cyst formation. 3. **Cervical infection**: Bacterial or viral infections can cause inflammatory responses in cervical tissues, leading to glandular dilation and cyst formation. In such cases, Nabothian cysts may represent a manifestation of cervical inflammation. 4. **Cervical trauma**: Childbirth, induced abortion, or cervical surgery may cause cervical injury, resulting in narrowing of the glandular duct openings and poor drainage of secretions, thus triggering the formation of Nabothian cysts. Asymptomatic Nabothian cysts generally require no specific treatment but should be monitored regularly. If symptoms occur or the cysts are large, timely medical consultation is recommended, and appropriate treatment should be selected according to the physician's advice.