What is endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a gynecological condition in which endometrial tissue, which normally exists only within the uterine cavity and proliferates and sheds with the menstrual cycle, grows outside the uterine cavity, such as on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic peritoneum, or even the intestines. This displaced endometrial tissue also responds to menstrual cycle changes by bleeding and thickening, but the blood cannot be expelled from the body, leading to inflammatory reactions, adhesions, and scar formation in the surrounding tissues. Patients often experience pain symptoms such as severe abdominal pain during menstruation (dysmenorrhea), pain during sexual intercourse, and pain during bowel movements or urination. Additionally, it may affect fertility and lead to infertility. Diagnosis typically relies on medical history, physical examination, possible imaging studies, and laparoscopic surgery. Treatment options include medication to alleviate symptoms and control disease progression; surgery may be necessary in severe cases to remove the displaced endometrial tissue. If you have concerns, please consult a relevant physician.