How is bone tuberculosis treated?

Bone tuberculosis is primarily a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly affecting the bones and joints. Treatments for bone tuberculosis:

1. Anti-tuberculosis drug therapy: This is the main method for treating bone tuberculosis. Commonly used anti-tuberculosis drugs include isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, which can be used in combination. These drugs effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thereby helping control the disease. Generally, treatment lasts 6–9 months, but may sometimes be extended to 12 months or longer depending on disease severity and the patient's response.

2. Surgery: If drug treatment is ineffective or if serious complications such as spinal instability or nerve compression occur, surgical treatment may be required.

3. Physical therapy and immunomodulatory therapy: In some cases, microwave hyperthermia, electrical stimulation, and other forms of physical therapy, as well as corticosteroids for immunomodulation, may be used as adjunctive treatments.

4. Rehabilitation exercises: Once the condition stabilizes, appropriate rehabilitation exercises can help restore muscle strength, joint mobility, and overall function.

5. Nutrition: Patients should ensure adequate protein intake to promote tissue repair.