What are the causes of scoliosis?

Scoliosis is a common spinal deformity characterized by the spine deviating from the midline in the coronal plane, forming an "S" or "C" shaped curve. Below are some common causes:

1. Congenital factors: During the fetal stage, abnormal spinal development may occur due to physical, chemical factors, or viral influences affecting the mother, such as hemivertebrae, which are the main causes of congenital scoliosis.

2. Poor lifestyle habits: Long-term incorrect sitting, standing, or walking postures may lead to imbalanced muscular development on both sides of the spine, resulting in scoliosis.

3. Disease-related factors: Certain neuromuscular diseases, such as cerebral palsy, syringomyelia, and myasthenia gravis, may induce scoliosis. In addition, thoracic lesions such as pyothorax or tuberculous pleurisy may also cause scoliosis.

4. Trauma: Spinal fractures caused by falls from a height or car accidents may lead to scoliosis due to malunion at the fracture site.

5. Secondary scoliosis: Conditions such as neuromuscular diseases, spinal cord injuries, metabolic diseases, bone disorders, improper posture, or long-term unilateral weight bearing may also lead to scoliosis.