What should I do about a bunion?

Hallux valgus, medically known as bunion, is a common foot condition primarily characterized by a lateral deviation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, resulting in a protruding bony bump. Long-term wearing of ill-fitting shoes, genetic factors, and imbalances in foot muscle strength are important causes of this condition. Below are some common management measures:

1. Lifestyle modifications: Avoid wearing high-heeled or pointed-toe shoes; choose wide and comfortable shoes and socks to reduce pressure on the big toe joint.

2. Physical therapy: Includes heat or cold application, massage, and targeted muscle-strengthening exercises, which can help relieve pain, improve blood circulation, and enhance foot stability.

3. Orthotic insoles or shoe modifications: Use insoles with proper support and cushioning, or modify the shoe last to improve gait and reduce uneven pressure distribution.

4. Orthotic devices: Wear customized orthoses, such as night splints or daytime braces, to stabilize the affected area and prevent joint displacement.

5. Pharmacological treatment: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, may be used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

6. Surgical treatment: If conservative treatments are ineffective or the angulation of the hallux valgus is severe enough to affect daily life, surgical intervention may be considered.

7. Appropriate exercise: Avoid prolonged standing or walking; take adequate rest, and choose low-impact activities such as swimming or cycling to minimize stress on the feet.