What are the principles for emergency management of hyperglycemia?
Disease description:
I suddenly felt palpitations, hand tremors, dizziness, and lightheadedness just now. I also had a frequent urge to urinate and noticed a sweet, sticky taste in my mouth. Could this be due to high blood sugar? What emergency measures should I take?
Doctor's answer (1)
Dr. Liu Feng
In general, the emergency management principles for hyperglycemia include assessing vital signs, measuring blood glucose levels, rehydrating with fluids and electrolytes, insulin therapy, and monitoring ketone levels.
1. Assess vital signs: Immediately check the patient's respiration, heart rate, level of consciousness, and blood pressure to determine whether cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be initiated or emergency medical services should be called.
2. Monitor blood glucose levels: Use a blood glucose meter to measure the glucose level and confirm whether it meets the criteria for hyperglycemic crisis, typically defined as a blood glucose concentration exceeding 300 mg/dL or higher.
3. Replenish fluids and electrolytes: Provide the patient with oral or intravenous fluids to replace lost fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
4. Insulin therapy: Depending on the patient's condition, rapid-acting insulin may be required to lower blood glucose levels quickly. The dosage must be adjusted by healthcare professionals based on blood glucose monitoring results.
5. Monitor ketone levels: If diabetic ketoacidosis is suspected, urine or blood ketone levels should be tested, and the treatment plan adjusted accordingly.
All emergency management principles for hyperglycemia must be carried out under the guidance of a physician to ensure patient safety and effective treatment.
