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Which tests are used to diagnose tuberculosis?

Dec 29, 2022 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Li Man
Introduction
Main diagnostic methods for tuberculosis: sputum examination, which detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum, is the most specific diagnostic method. The tuberculin skin test involves injecting a diluted tuberculin solution subcutaneously and observing the reaction after 72 hours; the presence of tuberculosis infection is determined based on the diameter and appearance of local swelling. Chest X-ray or CT scan is essential for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis, as it clearly identifies the location, extent, and nature of the lesions.

Due to changes in climate and daily living habits, individuals with weaker constitutions may develop symptoms of tuberculosis. If tuberculosis is suspected, it is important to go to the hospital promptly for a thorough examination. What are the main diagnostic methods for tuberculosis?

What Are the Diagnostic Methods for Tuberculosis?

The primary diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are as follows: Sputum examination—testing sputum samples for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis—is the most specific diagnostic method. The tuberculin skin test involves injecting a diluted tuberculin solution under the skin and observing the reaction after 72 hours; the presence of tuberculosis infection is determined based on the diameter and appearance of localized swelling. Chest X-ray or CT scan is an essential examination for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis, helping to clearly identify the location, extent, and nature of the lesions. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy allows biopsy of lesions in the bronchi or lungs, providing tissue samples for pathological diagnosis. Serological testing mainly detects antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis to assist in confirming the diagnosis.

Additionally, it's important to cut off the transmission routes of tuberculosis. Maintain personal hygiene and carry out proper disinfection and isolation in daily life to avoid spreading tuberculosis through airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing. It's best to keep a distance from infected individuals and avoid facing them directly. If possible, do not share a bed with someone who has tuberculosis, and ensure rooms are well-ventilated by frequently opening windows.

Patients with tuberculosis should avoid smoking and drinking alcohol, and should not eat spicy or irritating foods. Instead, they should consume more foods rich in protein and vitamins. We hope this information is helpful to you. Wishing you good health and a happy life!


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