Characteristics of blood oxygen changes in different types of hypoxia

Apr 05, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Yang Shuwen

Introduction

Hypoxia can be classified into types such as hypemic hypoxia, circulatory hypoxia, and histotoxic hypoxia, with complex changes in blood oxygen levels. In hypemic hypoxia, arterial partial pressure of oxygen and arterial oxygen saturation remain unchanged, while arterial oxygen content and the arteriovenous oxygen concentration difference decrease; arterial oxygen saturation may remain unchanged or decrease.

　　Under normal circumstances, hypoxia can be classified into different types such as hypemic hypoxia, circulatory hypoxia, and histotoxic hypoxia, with varying changes in blood oxygen parameters depending on the type. Specific analyses are as follows:

　　1. Hypemic Hypoxia

　　Changes in blood oxygen indices are characterized by unchanged arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂), while arterial oxygen content and the arteriovenous oxygen concentration difference decrease. Arterial oxygen saturation may remain unchanged or decrease.

　　2. Circulatory Hypoxia

　　Alterations in blood oxygen parameters show no significant changes in arterial partial pressure of oxygen, arterial oxygen content, arterial oxygen capacity, or arterial oxygen saturation.

　　3. Histotoxic Hypoxia

　　Histotoxic hypoxia refers to hypoxia caused by impaired oxygen utilization in tissues and cells. In histotoxic hypoxia, blood oxygen capacity is normal, and partial pressure of oxygen, arterial oxygen saturation, and mixed venous oxygen saturation are generally normal. However, due to impaired cellular oxygen utilization, the partial pressure of oxygen, arterial oxygen saturation, and mixed venous oxygen saturation may increase, while oxygen extraction ratio is lower than normal.

　　In addition, there is also hypotonic hypoxia. Hypoxia refers to insufficient oxygen supply to body tissues and cells, leading to disturbances in cellular metabolism and function.

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