What causes swollen eyelids without pain or itching?

Swollen eyelids without pain or itching may be caused by physiological factors, or could result from pathological conditions such as chalazion or glomerulonephritis. Treatment may involve general management or medications under a doctor's guidance. Specific analyses are as follows:

I. Physiological Causes

If one frequently stays up late or drinks excessive amounts of water before bedtime, the body may fail to excrete the fluid in time, leading to eye swelling without pain or itching. This is considered normal and does not require special treatment. Symptoms can be relieved by reducing fluid intake before sleep and ensuring adequate rest.

II. Pathological Causes

1. Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst)
A chalazion occurs due to infection by pathogenic microorganisms or other causes, potentially leading to blockage of the meibomian gland ducts. When secretions cannot be discharged, they accumulate and form a lump, causing eyelid swelling. However, there are typically no other symptoms such as pain or itching. The condition can be relieved with warm compresses. If symptoms are severe, surgical removal via chalazion excision may be required.

2. Glomerulonephritis
This condition impairs kidney function or reduces glomerular filtration rate, and may lead to decreased blood protein levels, resulting in sodium and water retention. This can cause facial swelling, including swollen eyelids, though without pain or itching. Medications prescribed by a doctor may include losartan potassium tablets, benazepril hydrochloride tablets, or olmesartan medoxomil tablets. If the disease progresses to end-stage renal disease, kidney transplantation may be necessary.

In addition to the above causes, eyelid swelling may also be associated with conditions such as kidney failure. Patients are advised to seek medical evaluation and treatment at a hospital.