What are the methods for emergency chest compressions?

Generally, emergency chest compression procedures include chest compressions, airway opening, and artificial respiration. The specific steps are as follows:
1. Chest Compressions
The rescuer should place the patient on a firm, flat surface in a supine position. Kneel beside the patient with knees apart, locate the center of the line connecting the two nipples, and place the heel of one hand on the lower half of the patient's sternum. Place the other hand on top of the first, interlocking the fingers. Using upper body strength, perform 30 consecutive compressions at a rate of at least 100–120 compressions per minute, depressing the chest at least 5–6 centimeters. During compressions, ensure the heel of the hand remains in contact with the patient’s chest wall to avoid complications.
2. Airway Opening
The rescuer can help open the patient’s airway by placing one hand on the forehead and the other under the chin, gently lifting the chin while tilting the head backward so that both nostrils face upward. Then turn the patient’s head to one side and check for any secretions or foreign material in the mouth. If present, clear them promptly. Remove any dentures if found.
3. Artificial Respiration
Once the airway is open, place a breathable cloth or handkerchief over the patient’s mouth. Pinch the patient’s nose closed with your fingers, then seal your mouth completely over the patient’s mouth and deliver two rescue breaths. Each breath should last about 1–2 seconds—avoid excessive duration or volume.
Thirty chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths constitute one cycle. After every five cycles, check the patient’s pulse and breathing to see if they have returned to normal. If not, seek immediate medical attention at a正规 hospital to prevent adverse outcomes.