What causes breast tenderness before menstruation?

Premenstrual breast tenderness is generally caused by factors such as ill-fitting underwear, negative emotions, hormonal changes, mammary gland hyperplasia, or mastitis. If any discomfort occurs, it is important to seek medical attention promptly and receive symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician. Specific causes are analyzed below:

1. Ill-Fitting Underwear

Wearing bras that are too tight or made from uncomfortable materials can compress the breasts and impair blood circulation, potentially leading to breast tenderness before menstruation. It is advisable to choose bras with appropriate sizing and comfortable fabric in daily life.

2. Negative Emotions

Stress, anxiety, and other negative emotional states may disrupt the endocrine system, causing hormonal imbalances that contribute to premenstrual breast tenderness. Managing stress through positive mindset adjustments, relaxation techniques, and moderate physical activity can help alleviate symptoms.

3. Hormonal Changes

Prior to menstruation, rising levels of estrogen and progesterone can stimulate breast tissue edema, resulting in breast tenderness, fullness, and nipple sensitivity. This condition typically does not require specific treatment and symptoms usually subside naturally after the onset of menstruation. For more severe discomfort, applying warm compresses may help improve blood circulation and reduce pain.

4. Mammary Gland Hyperplasia

Chronic stress, poor lifestyle habits—such as frequent late nights and insufficient sleep—may trigger mammary gland hyperplasia, which commonly causes breast tenderness and may be accompanied by breast lumps or pain. Treatment under medical supervision may include medications such as Runing Granules, Rukang Tablets, or Ruzengning Tablets.

5. Mastitis

Mastitis is usually caused by milk stasis and bacterial invasion. Inflammation may lead to breast tenderness before menstruation, along with symptoms such as redness, swelling, pain, and fever. Patients should follow medical advice and take antibiotics such as Amoxicillin Capsules, Cefuroxime Axetil Tablets, or Cefaclor Dispersible Tablets as prescribed.

To help relieve premenstrual breast tenderness, maintain a cheerful mood and avoid stress or anxiety; wear well-fitted bras that are neither too tight nor too loose; and maintain regular sleep patterns, avoiding late nights and ensuring adequate rest.