What tests are included in liver function tests?

Jan 24, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Gao Jun

Introduction

Generally, liver function tests mainly include alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), as well as coagulation function tests. It is advisable to maintain a healthy diet, ensure balanced intake of various nutrients, and avoid excessive alcohol consumption and high-fat diets to reduce the burden on the liver.

1. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

ALT and AST are important enzymes within liver cells. When liver cells are damaged, these enzymes are released into the bloodstream, causing elevated levels of ALT and AST in the blood. Therefore, these two indicators are commonly used to detect whether the liver is damaged.

2. Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin

Bilirubin is a product of red blood cell breakdown and is mainly metabolized in the liver. Total bilirubin reflects the overall bilirubin level in the blood, while direct bilirubin reflects the liver's ability to process bilirubin. Elevated bilirubin levels may indicate abnormal liver metabolism or biliary obstruction.

3. Albumin

Albumin is an important protein synthesized by the liver, with multiple functions such as maintaining plasma osmotic pressure and transporting nutrients. Reduced albumin levels may reflect decreased liver synthetic function or malnutrition.

4. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT)

ALP and GGT are indicators reflecting the health of the biliary system. When there is biliary obstruction or liver cell damage, the levels of these enzymes may increase.

5. Coagulation Function Tests

The liver is the main organ responsible for synthesizing coagulation factors. Coagulation function tests can assess the liver's ability to synthesize coagulation factors, thereby indirectly reflecting the liver's health status.

In daily life, maintaining a healthy diet with balanced intake of various nutrients, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption and high-fat diets, can help reduce the burden on the liver. Additionally, ensuring adequate sleep and avoiding late nights and excessive fatigue can help maintain normal liver function.

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