What is the first-line drug for controlling acute asthma exacerbations?

Jun 04, 2021 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Zhang Jian

Introduction

To control acute asthma exacerbations, bronchodilators—particularly β₂-adrenergic agonists—are the drugs of first choice, as they provide prompt relief of asthma symptoms. Commonly used short-acting β₂-agonists (SABAs) include terbutaline, salbutamol, and fenoterol, which provide bronchodilation for 4–6 hours. Long-acting β₂-agonists (LABAs), such as formoterol, may also be selected and offer bronchodilation for up to 12 hours.

Bronchodilators—specifically β₂-adrenergic agonists—are the first-line medications for managing acute asthma exacerbations, as they provide prompt control of symptoms during an acute attack.

Common short-acting β₂-adrenergic agonists (SABAs) include terbutaline, salbutamol (albuterol), and fenoterol. The typical dose is 1–2 puffs per use, with onset of action within 5–10 minutes and duration of effect lasting 4–6 hours.

Long-acting β₂-adrenergic agonists (LABAs) may also be used. Representative agents include formoterol and salmeterol. The standard dosage is 1 puff twice daily, providing up to 12 hours of bronchodilation. Both agents effectively control acute asthma symptoms.

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