What diseases can be detected through blood tests?
Mar 20, 2025
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Feng
Introduction
Under normal circumstances, blood tests can detect conditions such as anemia, diabetes, leukemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperthyroidism. If you experience any discomfort, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Before undergoing blood tests, you should adjust your diet, avoid alcohol, as well as foods high in sugar and fat. When necessary, you should fast and follow medical instructions to ensure accurate test results.
Generally, blood tests can detect conditions such as anemia, diabetes, leukemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperthyroidism. If discomfort occurs, timely medical consultation is recommended. Detailed analysis is as follows:
1. Anemia
Anemia can be detected through a complete blood count (CBC). Hemoglobin and red blood cell count in the CBC can indicate whether anemia exists. Different types of anemia can be further differentiated by combining other indicators. For example, in iron-deficiency anemia, in addition to decreased hemoglobin levels, there may also be reductions in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
2. Diabetes
Blood glucose testing in blood examinations is an important method for diagnosing diabetes. A fasting blood glucose level ≥7.0 mmol/L, a 2-hour postprandial blood glucose level ≥11.1 mmol/L, or a random blood glucose level ≥11.1 mmol/L, accompanied by symptoms such as polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and weight loss, can lead to a diagnosis of diabetes.
3. Leukemia
Leukemia is a malignant clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells. Abnormal white blood cell counts can be detected via complete blood count, including either elevated or reduced levels, and abnormal white blood cell differential counts may also be present, such as increased blast cells. Further confirmation of leukemia type can be achieved through bone marrow aspiration combined with immunophenotyping and cytogenetic analysis of leukemic cells in the blood.
4. Hyperlipidemia
Blood biochemical tests for lipids include total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Hyperlipidemia may exist when triglycerides >1.7 mmol/L, total cholesterol >5.2 mmol/L, LDL-C >3.4 mmol/L, or HDL-C <1.0 mmol/L.
5. Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism can be detected by measuring thyroid hormones in the blood, such as triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In hyperthyroidism, T3 and T4 levels are elevated, while TSH levels are decreased.
Prior to blood testing, it is important to adjust diet, avoid alcohol, high-sugar, and high-fat foods, fast when necessary, and follow medical instructions for preparation, to ensure accurate test results.
