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What diseases can be detected through blood tests?

Mar 20, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
In general, blood tests are a common medical diagnostic method used to evaluate health status or diagnose diseases by collecting and analyzing blood samples. Blood tests can detect conditions such as hyperthyroidism, iron-deficiency anemia, diabetes, hepatitis B, and leukemia. Before undergoing a blood test, it is important to ensure adequate sleep and avoid excessive fatigue.

Generally, blood tests can detect diseases such as hyperthyroidism, iron-deficiency anemia, diabetes, hepatitis B, and leukemia. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, leading to increased metabolism and sympathetic nervous system excitement. Blood tests can measure the levels of thyroid hormones in the bloodstream. Elevated levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), along with decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), may indicate hyperthyroidism.

2. Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia is caused by reduced hemoglobin synthesis due to insufficient iron in the body. Blood tests can assess indicators such as hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and serum ferritin. Abnormalities in these indicators may suggest the presence of iron-deficiency anemia.

3. Diabetes

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels. Blood tests can measure blood glucose levels, including fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). When these indicators exceed normal ranges, it may indicate diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.

4. Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a liver inflammation caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Blood tests can detect antibodies or antigens related to HBV, such as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). The presence or absence of these markers and their concentration changes can indicate whether a person is infected with HBV and reflect the replication status of the virus.

5. Leukemia

Leukemia is a malignant clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells. It is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of leukemic cells in the bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues, which suppresses normal hematopoietic function. Blood tests can assess the number, morphology, and classification of white blood cells. A significant increase in white blood cell count, along with morphological abnormalities and disordered classification, may suggest the presence of leukemia.

Prior to blood testing, it is important to ensure adequate sleep and avoid excessive fatigue. This helps reduce the burden on the liver and ensures the accuracy of the test results.

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