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How to manage oral ulcers during lactation

Jun 09, 2025 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Liu Chao
Introduction
In general, oral ulcers during lactation may be related to various factors, mainly including nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes, immune system abnormalities, oral trauma, and oral infections. During treatment, lactating women should pay special attention to the selection and method of medication use to avoid adverse effects on the infant. If oral medication is necessary, consult a physician and discontinue breastfeeding.

Generally, the occurrence of oral ulcers during lactation may be related to multiple factors, primarily including nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes, immune system abnormalities, oral trauma, and oral infections. These conditions can be improved through general treatments, medication, and other measures. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Nutritional Deficiencies

Due to increased nutritional demands during lactation, if women do not consume sufficient amounts of vitamins B2, B6, B12, and trace elements such as iron and zinc, their oral mucosal repair capacity may decline, possibly leading to oral ulcers. Symptoms may also include fatigue and reduced immunity. It is recommended to adjust the diet and increase the intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, such as spinach and citrus fruits, which are rich in vitamins.

2. Hormonal Changes

Fluctuations in hormone levels during lactation may affect blood flow to the oral mucosa and the growth cycle of epithelial cells, making the mucosa more susceptible to damage and prolonging healing time. This may also be accompanied by mood swings and breast engorgement. It is recommended to maintain good oral hygiene habits and regularly use mild mouthwashes, such as saline solution, to reduce irritation and the risk of infection.

3. Immune System Abnormalities

Following childbirth, immune system abnormalities may lead to the production of antibodies that attack healthy cells within the oral cavity, resulting in ulcer formation. Symptoms may also include joint pain and skin rashes. It is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation for detailed immune testing and to follow the physician's recommendations for immunotherapy. Additionally, maintaining proper oral hygiene and minimizing irritation are advised.

4. Oral Trauma

If a nursing mother accidentally bites the oral mucosa, the integrity of the mucosal lining may be compromised, allowing bacterial invasion and subsequent ulceration. Symptoms may include pain and bleeding. It is recommended to avoid consuming excessively hard or hot foods to reduce mucosal irritation. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush and brushing gently is advised. Topical application of healing-promoting ointments, such as recombinant human epidermal growth factor gel, may also be beneficial.

5. Oral Infections

Poor oral hygiene during lactation can allow bacterial, fungal, or viral infections to compromise the mucosal barrier, triggering an inflammatory response and resulting in ulcers. Symptoms may include increased pain and fever. It is recommended to maintain oral cleanliness and use antibiotics or antifungal medications, such as penicillin V potassium tablets, fluconazole tablets, or compound boric acid solution, under the guidance of a physician to relieve pain and promote healing.

During treatment, breastfeeding women should pay special attention to drug selection and administration methods to avoid adverse effects on the infant. If oral medications are necessary, consult a physician and temporarily discontinue breastfeeding. Maintaining good oral hygiene habits and a healthy lifestyle can help prevent oral ulcers.

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