Can a person with HIV/AIDS gain weight?

In general, people with HIV/AIDS may experience either weight gain or weight loss. Those receiving standardized treatment and adequate nutrition may gain weight, while those experiencing disease progression or poor nutrition are more likely to lose weight. If concerned, it is recommended to seek medical advice early. The detailed analysis is as follows:

If HIV patients receive standardized antiviral therapy and achieve effective viral suppression, their immune function gradually recovers, appetite improves, and they maintain balanced nutrition (adequate intake of protein and vitamins), without severe complications affecting absorption, body weight may progressively increase and even return to pre-illness levels. This indicates effective treatment and gradual improvement in physical condition.

Conversely, if HIV patients do not receive treatment or respond poorly to treatment, ongoing viral replication continues to damage the immune system, leading to recurrent infections, diarrhea, oral ulcers, and other complications. These conditions can reduce appetite and impair nutrient absorption. Additionally, psychological stress and metabolic abnormalities may contribute to progressive weight loss. In severe cases, "HIV wasting syndrome" may develop, negatively affecting bodily functions and tolerance to treatment.

HIV patients should regularly monitor changes in body weight; adhere to prescribed medication regimens and focus on balanced nutrition, avoiding picky eating or excessive dieting; promptly consult a doctor upon noticing abnormal weight changes (sudden increase or decrease) to evaluate for complications or medication side effects; and maintain regular sleep patterns and moderate physical activity to help sustain a healthy weight.