What causes gums to bleed easily?

Gingival bleeding is a common oral problem, usually caused by gingivitis or periodontitis. Gingivitis refers to inflammation of the gum tissue, while periodontitis involves inflammation of the supporting tissues around the gums; both conditions can lead to gingival bleeding. The primary cause of gingival bleeding is the presence of dental plaque. Dental plaque is a colorless, sticky film composed of bacteria and food debris. If not promptly removed, it can harden into tartar between the gums and teeth, leading to gum inflammation and bleeding. In addition, poor oral hygiene habits, smoking, excessive stress, and malnutrition can also increase the risk of gingival bleeding. Prompt treatment of gingival bleeding is essential to prevent progression to more severe periodontal diseases. Maintaining good oral hygiene practices—including brushing teeth twice daily, using dental floss to clean between teeth, and regular professional teeth cleaning—is crucial. It's also important to modify unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as quitting smoking and reducing stress. If gingival bleeding persists, timely medical consultation is necessary for a comprehensive oral examination and appropriate treatment, including tartar removal and the use of anti-inflammatory medications.