What causes vaginal bleeding after menstruation has ended?

Bleeding after menstruation can have various causes, mainly including: 1. Ovulation bleeding: Around mid-cycle, slight bleeding may occur due to follicular rupture. This typically lasts 2–3 days and may be accompanied by mild abdominal discomfort or lower back pain. This is a normal physiological phenomenon and does not require specific treatment. 2. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding: This is a common gynecological condition characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, heavy menstrual flow, or delayed periods, often associated with hormonal imbalances. 3. Cervical issues: Cervicitis, cervical polyps, or other cervical lesions may also cause post-menstrual bleeding, especially if bleeding occurs after sexual intercourse. Prompt medical evaluation is necessary. 4. Inflammatory infections: Pelvic inflammatory disease or other infections may lead to bleeding after menstruation, often accompanied by symptoms such as vulvar itching and increased vaginal discharge. Post-menstrual bleeding may result from multiple causes. It is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment accordingly.