What Causes Nosebleeds During Menstruation?

Jun 26, 2022 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Chen Zhe

Introduction

Nosebleeds during menstruation may occur because the anterior-inferior portion of the nasal septum contains a rich network of delicate blood vessels. These vessels are highly sensitive and prone to injury due to fluctuations in hormonal levels. During menstruation, hormonal changes can trigger hyperplasia of the nasal mucosal blood vessels, leading to progressive swelling, congestion, and eventual rupture—resulting in epistaxis.

Nosebleeds are not uncommon—most people experience them at least occasionally. Occasional epistaxis is generally harmless and does not affect overall health. However, some women experience nosebleeds coinciding with their menstrual period. So, what causes nosebleeds during menstruation?

What Causes Nosebleeds During Menstruation?

Nosebleeds during menstruation may occur because the anterior-inferior portion of the nasal septum contains a rich network of delicate blood vessels that are highly sensitive and prone to injury—especially in response to fluctuations in hormonal levels. During menstruation, hormonal changes can trigger proliferation and swelling of the nasal mucosal blood vessels, leading to congestion and eventual rupture, thereby causing epistaxis.

In some cases, even consuming spicy or stimulating foods—or merely touching the nasal area—can provoke bleeding. If the nosebleed occurs only occasionally, observation alone may suffice. If no further episodes occur afterward, the issue is likely minor. However, if nosebleeds recur frequently, it is advisable to consult an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist) for evaluation and appropriate hemostatic management.

For individuals with chronic rhinitis, maintaining nasal mucosal moisture during menstruation is especially important. Applying erythromycin ophthalmic ointment inside the nasal cavity can help preserve mucosal elasticity and effectively prevent menstrual-related epistaxis. Additionally, avoid spicy and irritating foods during your period. We hope this information proves helpful!

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