What causes bloating in the lower abdomen?

Under normal circumstances, a bloated lower abdomen may be caused by factors such as aging, pregnancy, indigestion, constipation, or ascites. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and receive symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Aging

As people age, muscle strength and elasticity gradually decline. Abdominal muscles may become lax, potentially leading to organ prolapse and a sensation of bloating in the lower abdomen. In addition to bloating, symptoms may include lower back pain and a feeling of heaviness or downward pressure. At home, exercises such as sit-ups and planks can help. Maintaining healthy daily habits, avoiding prolonged standing or sitting, is also beneficial.

2. Pregnancy

During pregnancy, the growing fetus and expanding uterus can compress the intestines and other abdominal organs, causing a bloated sensation in the lower abdomen. This may be accompanied by symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and constipation. Light physical activity—such as walking or prenatal yoga—with family support is recommended.

3. Indigestion

Indigestion may result from overeating, eating too quickly, or consuming hard-to-digest foods. Food stagnation in the gastrointestinal tract leads to gas accumulation and a bloated lower abdomen. Other symptoms may include belching, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. Medications such as domperidone tablets, mosapride citrate tablets, or Shenxiang Huaqi tablets may be used as directed by a physician.

4. Constipation

Constipation may be caused by poor diet, lack of physical activity, or intestinal disorders. Stool remains in the intestine for too long, losing moisture and becoming dry and difficult to pass, resulting in lower abdominal bloating. Additional symptoms may include hard stools, difficulty defecating, and abdominal pain. Dietary adjustments—such as increasing fiber intake, drinking more water, and exercising regularly—can promote intestinal motility. For severe cases, medications such as lactulose oral solution, glycerin enema (e.g., Kaisailu), or Mahuang Runchang Pills may be used under medical supervision.

5. Ascites

Ascites may be caused by conditions such as liver cirrhosis, malignant tumors, heart failure, or tuberculous peritonitis. The accumulation of large amounts of fluid in the abdominal cavity leads to lower abdominal bloating. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, poor appetite, and swelling in the lower limbs. Treatment focuses first on managing the underlying disease, followed by diuretic therapy as prescribed to remove excess fluid. Medications may include furosemide tablets, bumetanide injection, or losartan potassium hydrochlorothiazide tablets.

To maintain abdominal health and prevent lower abdominal bloating, it is important to follow a balanced diet, avoid overeating, increase intake of high-fiber foods, and undergo regular medical checkups.