What diseases should be alerted by nosebleeds?

Diseases to be aware of when experiencing nosebleeds generally include hypertension, nasal inflammation, blood disorders, liver diseases, and nasal tumors. The details are as follows:

1. Hypertension: A sudden rise in blood pressure can cause the blood vessels inside the nose to rupture, leading to nosebleeds. These types of nosebleeds are usually heavy in volume and often occur after emotional excitement or physical fatigue. Some patients may also experience symptoms such as dizziness and headaches. It is important to monitor and control blood pressure promptly to prevent ongoing vascular damage.

2. Nasal inflammation: Chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, and other nasal inflammatory conditions can keep the nasal mucosa in a prolonged state of congestion and swelling, making the mucosa fragile and prone to rupture, thus frequently causing nosebleeds. Symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, and nasal itching may also occur. Active treatment of the inflammation is needed to protect the nasal mucosa.

3. Blood disorders: Hematologic diseases such as leukemia and thrombocytopenic purpura can impair coagulation function, leading to abnormal clotting mechanisms. Patients may experience frequent nosebleeds that are difficult to stop once they start. Other symptoms like skin bruising and gum bleeding may also appear. Blood tests should be conducted promptly to evaluate hematological parameters.

4. Liver disease: Liver conditions such as cirrhosis and hepatitis can impair the synthesis of clotting factors, resulting in reduced coagulation function and an increased risk of nosebleeds. Such patients may also present with jaundice, abdominal distension, and fatigue. Liver function indicators should be closely monitored, and primary liver disease should be actively treated.

5. Nasal tumors: Benign or malignant tumors in the nasal cavity (such as nasopharyngeal fibrovascular polyps or nasopharyngeal carcinoma) may invade nasal blood vessels and cause nosebleeds. Bleeding from benign tumors is often intermittent, while malignant tumors may be accompanied by worsening nasal obstruction, tinnitus, and neck masses. Diagnostic evaluations are necessary to determine the nature of the tumor.

When a nosebleed occurs, apply pressure to the nostrils to stop the bleeding and keep the head slightly forward. If nosebleeds are frequent, severe, or accompanied by other discomforts, seek medical attention promptly to identify the underlying cause. In daily life, avoid aggressive nose picking and maintain nasal moisture to reduce the risk of nasal mucosal injury.