What causes mild abdominal discomfort during menstruation, and what should be done about it?

Discomfort in the lower abdomen during menstruation may be caused by physiological factors or pathological conditions such as dysmenorrhea or adnexitis. Symptomatic treatment should be based on the individual's specific condition. The detailed analysis is as follows:

I. Physiological Factors

During menstruation, a woman's resistance is relatively low. If the abdomen is exposed to cold or cold foods are consumed, blood vessels in the abdominal area may constrict, leading to abnormal uterine contractions and mild discomfort in the lower abdomen. This is considered a normal phenomenon. It is recommended to apply a warm compress or use a heat patch on the abdomen for relief.

II. Pathological Factors

1. Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological condition. Engaging in intense physical activity during menstruation may increase prostaglandin levels in the uterus, causing abnormal contraction of smooth muscles, and resulting in uterine ischemia and hypoxia, which leads to menstrual pain and abdominal discomfort. Patients are advised to take medications such as acetaminophen tablets or ibuprofen sustained-release capsules under medical guidance.

2. Adnexitis

The fallopian tubes and other structures are part of the female adnexa. Having multiple sexual partners may allow pathogenic microorganisms to enter the body and multiply in areas such as the fallopian tubes, leading to adnexitis. Inflammatory factors can irritate local mucosa, causing tissue fibrosis and adhesions, thereby resulting in the aforementioned symptoms. Patients should take medications such as metronidazole tablets or azithromycin tablets as directed by a physician.

In addition, similar symptoms may also be caused by other conditions such as vaginitis, cervicitis, or salpingitis. It is recommended to maintain a light diet in daily life and avoid spicy foods.