What are the symptoms before getting a menstrual period?

　　Coming of age usually refers to menstruation. Generally, main symptoms before menstruation include breast tenderness, lower abdominal distension, mood swings, edema, fatigue and weakness. If significant discomfort or abnormal symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek timely medical examination at a regular hospital. Detailed analysis is as follows:

　　1. Breast Tenderness

　　Before menstruation, changes in estrogen and progesterone levels stimulate breast tissue to become congested and swollen, causing breast pain and tenderness. The breasts may feel firm upon touch, with increased sensitivity of the nipples and areolas, and obvious pain upon pressure. After the menstrual period begins, hormone levels drop, and the discomfort gradually subsides.

　　2. Lower Abdominal Distension

　　Pelvic tissues become congested before menstruation, and the uterus undergoes slight contractions, stimulating surrounding nerves and tissues, causing a sensation of lower abdominal distension. Patients often feel tightness or a sensation of heaviness in the lower abdomen. Some may experience mild dull pain, which may worsen with activity and temporarily improve with rest.

　　3. Mood Swings

　　Hormonal changes affect neurotransmitter secretion and interfere with emotional regulation centers, leading to mood swings. Patients may easily become irritable, anxious, or depressed, overly sensitive to small matters, or prone to anger. Emotional changes are not significantly influenced by external factors and emotions gradually stabilize after menstruation ends.

　　4. Edema

　　Hormonal changes before menstruation affect water and sodium metabolism, causing fluid retention in the body and resulting in edema. It commonly occurs in the eyelids, face, hands, and feet. Patients may notice swollen eyelids or thickened hands and feet; pressing the skin may leave a slight indentation, and weight may increase slightly due to fluid retention.

　　5. Fatigue and Weakness

　　Hormonal changes affect the body's metabolic rhythm, and pelvic congestion and physical discomfort consume energy, leading to fatigue and weakness. Patients often feel physically weak, and the fatigue is difficult to relieve even after rest. They tire easily during daily activities, have a poor mental state, and may experience increased drowsiness.

　　If you experience the above symptoms, it is important to keep warm and avoid cold exposure to the abdomen and waist; maintain a light diet, reduce salt and sugar intake to avoid worsening edema; maintain a regular routine, avoid staying up late, and engage in mild exercises such as walking to relieve discomfort; when experiencing significant mood swings, try listening to music or talking with others to regulate emotions. If symptoms severely affect daily life, seek medical advice promptly.